Et in Arcadia Ego
You had me at memento mori . . . and lost me at "Follow your heart."
This commencement speech by Steve Jobs was flowing along quite nicely when -- BAM!! -- it hit me with my least favorite piece of advice:
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
I don't want to pick on Steve Jobs. As commencement speeches go, this is a great one (and the passage I've quoted is only a part of it). But I can't help thinking that part of the original purpose of the memento mori -- the remembrance of death's inescapability -- was to get people not to follow their hearts. Like Jobs, I believe all that's superfluous about human existence falls away in the face of death, but isn't it a bit anticlimactic to insist that what remains, what abides, is "following our hearts"? I know, I know, it all depends on how one defines "following your heart," but for the life of me I can't think of any way to define it that doesn't ultimately diminish the idea of the memento mori. "Remember, man, that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return" -- that's not about following your heart; it's about death as the darkbright dividing line between the ephemeral and the eternal, between man's purposes and judgments in time and God's purposes and judgments in eternity. But people aren't into the eternal -- and heaven knows they aren't into judgment -- like they used to be, so when they are confronted with the finality of death, the best they can come up with to suggest what's "truly important" is the exhortation to "follow your heart." As anyone who's familiar with Woody Allen's sublimely absurd self-justification knows, however, "the heart wants what it wants." According to Jobs's formulation, Woody Allen, Michael Jackson, the Dalai Lama, Tom and Katie, Pope Benedict XVI, Brad and Angelina, and Jobs himself are all equally pursuing what's "truly important" (assuming that they are all following their hearts). Jobs apparently meant to offer a serious insight about the meaning of human existence in the context of death's inevitability, and he got halfway there, but then his memento mori morphed into follow your heart, life is not a dress rehearsal, be true to yourself, yada yada yada.
I'll end by offering my own very brief commencement address, in the style of Jack Smith, the great Los Angeles Times columnist, whose writing I read and admired in my callow youth. At the beginning of every new year, Smith would write a column in which he quoted various psychics' predictions for the coming year. To the prediction that a statue of Elvis would be found on Mars, Smith would respond, "I counter-predict." [He had an amazingly high rate of correct predictions.]
So without further ado:
President So-and-So, faculty, parents, and graduates, Mr. Jobs stands before you today and reminds you to follow your hearts. I counter-advise. Thank you and good afternoon.
P.S. On the other hand, that part about remembering death is excellent.
P.P.S. And feel free to consult your heart. Just don't, under any circumstances, follow it anywhere, especially if it asks you to help find a lost puppy.
This commencement speech by Steve Jobs was flowing along quite nicely when -- BAM!! -- it hit me with my least favorite piece of advice:
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
I don't want to pick on Steve Jobs. As commencement speeches go, this is a great one (and the passage I've quoted is only a part of it). But I can't help thinking that part of the original purpose of the memento mori -- the remembrance of death's inescapability -- was to get people not to follow their hearts. Like Jobs, I believe all that's superfluous about human existence falls away in the face of death, but isn't it a bit anticlimactic to insist that what remains, what abides, is "following our hearts"? I know, I know, it all depends on how one defines "following your heart," but for the life of me I can't think of any way to define it that doesn't ultimately diminish the idea of the memento mori. "Remember, man, that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return" -- that's not about following your heart; it's about death as the darkbright dividing line between the ephemeral and the eternal, between man's purposes and judgments in time and God's purposes and judgments in eternity. But people aren't into the eternal -- and heaven knows they aren't into judgment -- like they used to be, so when they are confronted with the finality of death, the best they can come up with to suggest what's "truly important" is the exhortation to "follow your heart." As anyone who's familiar with Woody Allen's sublimely absurd self-justification knows, however, "the heart wants what it wants." According to Jobs's formulation, Woody Allen, Michael Jackson, the Dalai Lama, Tom and Katie, Pope Benedict XVI, Brad and Angelina, and Jobs himself are all equally pursuing what's "truly important" (assuming that they are all following their hearts). Jobs apparently meant to offer a serious insight about the meaning of human existence in the context of death's inevitability, and he got halfway there, but then his memento mori morphed into follow your heart, life is not a dress rehearsal, be true to yourself, yada yada yada.
I'll end by offering my own very brief commencement address, in the style of Jack Smith, the great Los Angeles Times columnist, whose writing I read and admired in my callow youth. At the beginning of every new year, Smith would write a column in which he quoted various psychics' predictions for the coming year. To the prediction that a statue of Elvis would be found on Mars, Smith would respond, "I counter-predict." [He had an amazingly high rate of correct predictions.]
So without further ado:
President So-and-So, faculty, parents, and graduates, Mr. Jobs stands before you today and reminds you to follow your hearts. I counter-advise. Thank you and good afternoon.
P.S. On the other hand, that part about remembering death is excellent.
P.P.S. And feel free to consult your heart. Just don't, under any circumstances, follow it anywhere, especially if it asks you to help find a lost puppy.
10 Comments:
Kate, oddly enough your post reminded me of a quote from a Brian de Palma anti-American Vietnam genre film, "Casualties of War". In the movie, Michael J. Fox is the lone crusader for morality in a typical world of degenerate American Soldiers. At one point, generic degenerate American soldier X makes the observation that since any of them could be killed at any time, they should live it up and do whatever they want; to which Fox's character responds, "Everybody's acting like we can do anything and it don't matter what we do. Maybe we gotta' be extra careful because maybe it matters more than we even know."
Ah...a nugget of gold from an otherwise pile of garbage.
well, that is one mode in which memento mori is used ("it's about death as the darkbright dividing line between the ephemeral and the eternal, between man's purposes and judgments in time and God's purposes and judgments in eternity") -- another is that of classical antiquity, which is more of a carpe diem theory ("nunc est bibendum"), which is a little more like follow your heart...
I've kind of always thought thinking about your own impending death makes all the little details of this world seem to matter much less. It's not about following your heart, so much as it's about appreciating what you have, whether or not it's what you really wanted.
Under Jobs' calculation, I should look at myself in the mirror, and if I feel that my life has become dull or repetitive, I should try to "fix" it, try to live a more pure existance that's more true to me somehow. As if such a thing were REALLY possible - (would you even know if you had your ideal life?)
But really, if I'm aware that I could die at any time, shouldn't I just appreciate being alive, and realize it doesn't matter if I'm bored with my job or disappointed in my social prospects, or whether I have a toothache or feel depressed? This all will end soon, and I should just enjoy being alive while I can.
Yes, but I think Jobs suggests the religious/Christian aspect of the memento mori here: "Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important." But then in his very next line, he sort of contradicts himself: "Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose." So is he saying that in the face of death, we must hold to "what's truly important," or is he saying that in the face of death, nothing -- or only the moment -- matters, so you might as well follow your heart?
Dont' get me wrong, I actually really liked the speech. I was just put off by the "follow your heart" stuff. To tell the truth, though, "carpe diem" is not one of my favorite phrases either -- or, to be more precise, I hate the way it was vulgarized in that awful movie Dead Poet's Society (for which I reserve special spite because -- like The Catcher in the Rye -- I liked it when I first encountered it.)
Kate: I'm not quite sure that I get what you're ultimately trying to say. What do you follow? I never found out from your article. I was waiting with baited breath for your counterpoint at the end, but, alas...
In any case, the context of Jobs' speech, to me, was this:
Great accomplishment is a fruit of passion; without fear of death.
To the "Casualties of War" guy: I'm reminded of a speech that Thetis gave to Achilles in the movie "Troy." She told him that if he stayed he would love a wife, love his children and be happy; ultimately his name would be forgotten. If he went to Troy, she said, he would die, but his name would live forever.
More subtly, from the Iliad, we have this: "For my mother the goddess, silver footed Thetis, tells me that twofold fates are bearing me toward the doom of death: if I abide here and play my part in the siege of Troy, then lost is my home return, but my renown shall be imperishable; but if I return home to my dear native land, lost then is my glorious renown, yet shall my life long endure, neither shall the doom of death come soon upon me."
I think, in the end, Jobs is talking about these types of choices. While he may not be intimating life and death choices, per se, he is making an appeal to the greatness in us.
I don't know. I agree that the phrase "follow your heart" is tired, and has furthermore been used to justify all sorts of questionably self-centered acts. But I don't think that's what Jobs is advising.
It's pretty clear from the context of his speech that he's speaking to graduation anxieties, and particularly the absence of a "calling" that plagues most students. I think the message that we should do what we love is important in this respect. Doing what you love is not selfishness -- far from it. At worst it is what Adam Smith called "self interest, properly understood."
If one thinks of the heart as only the repository of earthly wants and desires, then "follow your heart" is bad advice, whether you're the Pope or the Woodman. But if one considers the heart to be the repository of these as well as of the soul, and moreover the conscience, then learning to follow our hearts properly is the most important thing we can do.
That said: good post!
-Tom Strong
Good points, Tom Strong. And I like the "self-interest, properly understood" quote, but the key to that is the "properly understood" part. Doing what one loves is a fine thing, especially if one loves or is taught to love what is truly important (to use Jobs's phrase). I guess my quibble with Jobs's speech was that it made a gesture toward the idea that there are things of real importance in the world, and then he spoiled it all by suggesting that the way to get there is to "follow your heart." What is Jobs's ultimately saying -- that we should love and follow what's truly important or that whatever each individual loves is truly important?
Adahow, What I'm ultimately trying to say is that I hate the "follow your heart" cliche and that its use in the speech made it difficult for me to get what Jobs was trying to say. I'm not trying to pick on him though -- God knows it's a great speech as commencement speeches go.
"'Follow your heart.' I counter-advise."
Yeah, I quite like that. Not because I necessarily know what it means, but because follow your heart has become (whether or not this is the way Jobs himself meant it) a justification for doing pretty much anything, without any attempt to ask whether there are more and less important things in life, duties beyond what we desire. By counter-advising, it suggests that there are other places to look, besides our desires. Which I think is a great place to start. We can still choose our desires, but it is certainly worth at least asking if there might be something more.
Nice post.
So . . . what, ultimately, is the point? What are we to do? NOT follow our "hearts"? Follow someone else's "heart"? Reading Jobs' words, I thought he was making a fairly simple point: to follow a career path in sync with one's values and desires. What would the alternative be? Following one's "duties" usually means following other people's desires. What was Jobs supposed to tell the kids? "Forget your desires, kids--just go for a safe, comfortable fox-hole. And if you wake up one day near the end of your life, and realize you just spent half a century in a career you hated, just suck it up, crybabies. When you get down to it, Peter Keating had a much better life than Howard Roark." If that's the case, instead of a commencement address, Jobs might as well just passed out cyanide pills and saved the kids decades of quiet desperation. I'm not exactly quarrelling with the other comments made here; I'm just looking for some kind of bottom line.
Look, Bilwick, as I've said several times already, I actually liked Jobs's speech. On the other hand, I hate the "follow your heart" cliche. Jobs was talking to a group of mostly privileged kids from Stanford. Do you think they're in danger of leading lives of quiet desperation? Do you think they've never heard the advice to follow their hearts before? My point is I'd rather tell them NOT to follow their hearts -- especially as a way to figure out "what's truly important." Here are some suggestions for other things to follow (that they would have been less likely to have had drummed into them since they were five):
*Follow your head
*Follow your conscience
*Follow your duty
*Follow your God
*Follow the yellow brick road
ANY of those would have been preferable to telling them to "follow their hearts."
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